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Deciphering long-term records of natural variability and human impact as recorded in lake sediments: a palaeolimnological puzzle

机译：破解湖泊沉积物中记录的自然变异和人类影响的长期记录：古湖泊学难题

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Global aquatic ecosystems are under increasing threat from anthropogenic activity, as well as being exposed to past (and projected) climate change, however, the nature of how climate and human impacts are recorded in lake sediments is often ambiguous. Natural and anthropogenic drivers can force a similar response in lake systems, yet the ability to attribute what change recorded in lake sediments is natural, from that which is anthropogenic, is increasingly important for understanding how lake systems have, and will continue to function when subjected to multiple stressors; an issue that is particularly acute when considering management options for aquatic ecosystems. The duration and timing of human impacts on lake systems varies geographically, with some regions of the world (such as Africa and South America) having a longer legacy of human impact than others(e.g. New Zealand). A wide array of techniques (biological, chemical, physical and statistical) is available to palaeolimnologists to allow the deciphering of complex sedimentary records. Lake sediments are an important archive of how drivers have changed through time, and how these impacts manifest in lake systems. With a paucity of ‘real‐time’ data pre‐dating human impact, palaeolimnological archives offer the only insight into both natural variability (i.e. that driven by climate and intrinsic lake processes) and the impact of people. Whilst there is a need to acknowledge complexity, and temporal and spatial variability when deciphering change from sediment archives, a palaeolimnological approach is a powerful tool for better understanding and managing global aquatic resources.
机译：全球水生生态系统正面临着越来越多的人为活动威胁，并且正遭受过去（和预期的）气候变化的威胁，但是，如何在湖泊沉积物中记录气候和人类影响的性质往往是模棱两可的。自然和人为驱动因素可以在湖泊系统中产生类似的响应，但是将人类沉积物中的沉积物变化归因于自然的能力，对于理解湖泊系统如何具有越来越重要的作用，并且在受到影响时将继续起作用多个压力源；在考虑水生生态系统的管理方案时，这一问题尤为严重。人类对湖泊系统影响的持续时间和时间因地理位置而异，世界上某些地区（例如非洲和南美）比其他地区（例如新西兰）具有更长的人类影响遗产。古脂学家可以使用多种技术（生物学，化学，物理和统计学）来解密复杂的沉积记录。湖泊沉积物是一个重要的档案，记录了驱动程序如何随时间变化以及这些影响如何在湖泊系统中体现。由于缺乏足够的“实时”数据来预测人类的影响，古人类学档案馆对于自然变率（即由气候和内在湖泊过程驱动的自然变率）和人类影响的唯一见解。在从沉积物档案中解释变化时，需要认识到复杂性以及时间和空间的变化，而古生物学方法是更好地了解和管理全球水生资源的有力工具。

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